第一五四章 小戚(1 / 2)

官居一品 三戒大师 1639 字 2022-04-26

“先说第一个‘以文制武’,是我太祖祖制,为的是防止武将做大,实行起来效果也不错。却导致外行指挥内行,将领地位低下。”徐渭叹口气道:“我朝对武将防范太严,管训练的将领不带兵,临场指挥的将领不知兵,且还要受上级文官的掣肘。一个三品武将见了六品御史,说不得还要下跪,一旦有所忤逆,御史竟可当场命人将其压下打板子……试问武将地位如此之低下,除了那些世袭军户之外,有谁还愿意习武卫国呢?”

“没有,一个也没有!”徐渭使劲一拍桌子道:“青年俊彦全都挤在科场这一桥上,十几年寒窗苦读,把身子耗得弱不禁风,把脑子念得成了榆木疙瘩,只知道墨守成规,不知道兵无常形!让这样的一群书呆子做指挥,就是虎狼之师也得带成绵羊!”

“更何况我大明已经压根没有虎狼之师!”徐渭沉声接着道:“我大明兵制有两大特点,一是‘世兵制’,二是‘自给制’,太祖当年将全国军队编户,命其世代屯田以自给自足,世代当兵,以保家卫国。太祖尝云:‘吾养兵百万,要不费百姓一粒米。’确实在之后的许多年里,我大明的财政支出中,没有军费这一项。确实减轻了百姓和朝廷的负担。”

“但现在看来,这样的做法显然问题很大。首先,这使军队基本上成为一个封闭集团,不仅在组织上,生活上也基本是独立于普通大众的。当保家卫国不再是整个大明‘匹夫有责’,而是基本落在这个封闭集团身上时,显然是极端不公平的,他们肯定是有怨气的,时间一长就要想方设法逃脱了。”

“第二,当这个集团内部自给时,军官必然加重对屯军的剥削,也当然降低守军的待遇。据我所知,我们绍兴卫所的军卒普遍衣不遮体,食不果腹。其生活不要说和咱们当地百姓比,就是比起西南内陆来,也要差很多。军队和临近百姓的反差,使得军卒不安起来,骚动起来。他们想摆脱沉重的徭役,过上富裕的生活,唯一的办法就是脱离军队。”

“军官的腐败更加促进了这种逃亡。”徐渭义愤填膺道:“他们为了发财,将军屯变为私田,役使士卒耕种,使卫所粮饷供应不足;他们克剥军卒,使他们更加困苦;他们贪图贿赂,放纵士卒逃亡!他们贪图军卒月粮,逃亡也不予追报!

“日积月累下来,卫所军的缺额早已经令人发指!我大明建国七十年,也就是正统年间,逃亡官军竟达一百六十多万,占在籍的一半还多。到了现在嘉靖年间,大部分卫所的实有军士已经不足在籍的三成……拿我绍兴府内的四处卫所来说,绍兴卫缺额达七成三;临山卫缺额达六成九;三江千户所缺额八成一;沥海千户所,缺额达七成七。而那些没逃亡的军士也多为老弱病残不堪作战之辈。”徐渭双目通红,声嘶力竭道:“太祖时横扫宇内,威震八方的强大卫所军队,已经沦为战不能战,守不能守,一群有百害而无一用的废物了。”

“将这种军队拉出来与强悍的倭寇作战,打败了不是笑话,打胜了才是!”徐渭一脸讥讽道:“而且因为缺额严重,朝廷以为派了三千人去作战,但实际上能拉出来的,也就是五六百人,还全是老弱病残,打败这五六百个半残疾,就相当于打败了三千人,这就是‘倭寇以一敌十’的。”

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

一直凝神倾听的沈默,终于插话道:“那天俞将军的军队,虽然也不够数,但七成总是有的……而且俞将军说,他的部下基本上都是沿海地区的农民,生活优渥,当兵不过是为了混口饭吃,所以才不愿卖命打仗的。”

“他说的没错,但我说的更没错。”徐渭说得口干舌燥,咕嘟咕嘟饮一肚子凉茶,擦擦嘴继续道:“卫所军逃了大半,剩下的小半又被倭寇基本消灭,以至于近些年来,沿海卫所已经是名存实亡了。可倭寇却益发兴旺起来,没有军队是万万不行的……所以从嘉靖二十七年开始,朝廷便命各省各府开始从民间招募兵勇,俞大猷的部队一准儿是募兵。”

“我记着你说过,原因之三便是兵源不佳。”沈默轻声道:“看来募兵也没做好。”

“嗯,倭患尽在沿海之地,所以募兵也尽在沿海。有道是仁者乐山,智者乐水,这话其实是有道理的。沿海兵性情伶俐,狡猾多端。这种兵驱之则前,见敌辄走;敌回便追,敌返又走。至于诱贼守城,扎营辛苦之役,更是不要指望。这种兵驱之以宽亦驯,驭之以猛亦驯,平时十分省心,却万万不可用来打仗。”说着冷笑连连道:“别说他俞大猷了,就是把常遇春从坟里挖出来,也一样白搭!”

话音未落,突然听门口有人道:“一介书生也敢妄议军事,非把你抓去见官不可!”

这话可把沈默和徐渭吓得够呛,两人赶紧往门口看时,却见唐顺之领着一个身材魁梧的英俊青年,这青年望之不过二十五六,剑眉星目,相貌堂堂,身穿得体的雪白锦袍,脚踏黑面的斗牛快靴,更显得猿背蜂腰,体态修长,任谁见了都要叫一声:‘汉家好儿郎!’

徐渭还是老毛病,只跟唐顺之说话,他满脸惊喜道:“义修哥,你回来了?”

唐顺之颔首道:“绍兴出现倭寇踪迹,恐怕自此不再太平。正好俞将军已经带兵顶上去了,为兄便带着子弟兵回来了。”说着朝沈默拱手笑道:“绍兴知府感谢沈相公,消灭了入境倭寇,使我绍兴父老免遭无端祸害。”

沈默摇头苦笑道:“感情只是代表官府感谢我,您自己就不谢我了?”

“咱们爷俩谁跟谁。”唐顺之眨眨眼笑道,说着对那同来的青年道:“元敬,来给你介绍一下咱们绍兴的两大才子,年纪大的这个叫徐渭徐文长,年轻的叫沈默沈拙言。”又对沈默两个介绍道:“这位是浙江都司佥事戚元敬。”

那青年朝两人一抱拳道:“末将戚继光。”

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