第六百六十四章 两粒妙棋(1 / 2)

执宰大明 小黑醉酒 0 字 2021-03-29

九州商会汉城分会成立后,将负责处理大明和朝鲜王国之间日益频繁的商贸,规范两国之间的贸易秩序,既促进了双方之间的商品流通,同时也能从中收取关税用于辽东的边疆建设。(首发)</p>

“小人愿意,谢上使大人提拔!”</p>

得知李云天想任命他为九州商会汉城分会的副会长,而九州商会汉城分会将负责大明与朝鲜国之间的商贸,朴永吉顿时又惊又喜,如此一来他岂不是将掌控住朝鲜国对外贸易的大权,随后压抑着激动的心情郑重其事地给李云天磕了一个头。</p>

“九州商会的运作与你们松商不同,你若想要独当一面,那么必须要熟悉九州商会的规则流程,本使觉得你能胜任这个职务。”李云天见状微微一笑,开口嘱咐道。</p>

“上使大人放心,小人一定不会辜负大人的厚爱。”朴永吉闻言连连点着头,神智有些恍惚,一时间有些难以相信这件事情是真的。</p>

“本使给你一个月的时间来处理个人事务,然后来汉城找九州商会的人,本使希望你能参与九州商会汉城分会的筹建事宜。”李云天见朴永吉冲劲十足,脸上不由得流露出了赞许的神色,让朴永吉参与九州商会汉城分会的筹建无疑将使得其更有一种归属感。</p>

“上使大人,小人交接完手头的账册后就赶来汉城。”朴永吉再度向李云天磕了一个头,然后欢天喜地地离开了,此次前来太平馆他可谓收获丰厚。</p>

“上使大人心胸宽广,下官深为敬佩。”等朴永吉走后,崔礼冲着李云天一躬身,郑重其事地说道,像李云天这样能委以朝鲜国商人重任的大明官吏着实少见,也可见李云天宽阔的胸怀。</p>

“本使只不过给了他一个机会而已,以后如何还要看他自己的造化。”李云天不以为意地笑了笑,然后不动声色地望着崔礼问道,“你如何看待贵国的科举制度?”</p>

“长此以往,国将不国!”崔礼闻言沉吟了一下,然后向李云天躬身回道。</p>

“哈哈……”李云天顿时笑了起来,像崔礼这样能清晰地看清楚朝鲜国科举制度弊端的两班权贵子弟实在是凤毛麟角,恐怕那些两班权贵们正忙着如何兼并土地,中饱私囊。</p>

而说到朝鲜王国的科举制度,那么就不得不提及朝鲜王朝太祖李成桂所设立的科田制。</p>

高丽王朝时期实行的是土地国有的制度,但是自高丽王朝中期以来,豪族、寺院兼并土地日益严重,大地主的农庄林立,土地国有制度逐渐受到破坏,国有的土地被权臣所霸占,并且肆无忌惮地不断扩占,由此造成税制紊乱,农民生活困苦不堪,国家经济基础陷入危机,类似于唐代均田制的瓦解。</p>

权臣对土地的占有是其得以在朝政作威作福的资本,占有国家大部份土地的权臣自然就可以影响国家财政,进而可以左右国家政治,排斥打压异见的士大夫。</p>

因此,朝鲜王朝的开国太祖李成桂为了打击反对他立国的权贵阶层,就必先要改革田制,只有削弱权臣的根基后才能将其一举除去。</p>

公元1388年,李成桂宣布将属于佛寺的三百多处土地收归国有,并没收国家东北部和西北部的所有私田文契。</p>

公元1390年,李成桂下令焚公私田籍于市街,大火数日不灭。</p>

公元1391年,李成桂让官吏重新丈量全国土地,共79万多结(包括耕地和荒地),宣布实行科田法,整顿高丽王朝中期以来陷于混乱的田制,恢复土地国有制度,重新将土地分配给农民,保护其使用权。国家规定,京畿一带土地按科(等级)授给在京任职的官员,称科田。</p>

第一科得田150结,依次递减,至第十八科得田10结。</p>

京畿以外的地方置军田,以养军士。</p>

地方官吏和“闲良”不论资品高下,随其本田多少,各给军田10结或5结。</p>

从“凡受田者身死后,其妻有子媳守信者,全科传受,无子媳守信者,减半传受”看,科田和军田都允许程度不同的世袭。</p>

另有功臣田,可以子孙相传,而公私奴婢、工商、卖卜、娼妓、僧尼等,不许受田,凡公私田租,水田1结糙米30斗,旱田1结杂谷30斗。</p>

除陵寝、仓库、宫司、公廨、功臣田外,有田者皆纳土地税,水田1结白米2斗,旱田1结黄豆2斗。科田、军田、功臣田都是私田,其余土地为公田,公田作为国家开支的来源。</p>

军田和科田须向国家纳土地税,所以又是不完全的私田,重要的是国家规定公私田租的数额,“此外有横敛者,以脏论。”</p>

科田法的实施有积极意义,它限制了大农庄主的横征暴敛,有利于中央权力的加强,也多少有利于生产力的发展。</p>

Tip:书名会因各种原因进行更名,使用“作者名”搜索更容易找到想看的小说。
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