第七百四十一章 西域方略(1 / 2)

执宰大明 小黑醉酒 0 字 2021-03-29

在西域,除了关西七卫之外最重要的就是东察合台汗国,其次就是柳城、火州和吐鲁番等小国。</p>

柳城:元朝时为柳城万户府,永乐五年开始朝贡。</p>

火州:元朝时为哈喇火州总管府,永乐五年开始朝贡。</p>

土鲁番:元朝时为土鲁番万户府,永乐四年开始朝贡。</p>

即便是东察合台汗国,其疆域和势力也分为三部分:</p>

一是亦力把里本部,东起北塔山,西到塔什干,北界额敏河至巴尔喀什湖一线,南包天山山脉;</p>

二是杜格拉特部领地,包括塔里木盆地周围,帕米尔高原及其以西费尔干地区;</p>

三是畏兀儿部地,即吐鲁番盆地,值得一提的是,畏兀儿人唐朝时期称作回鹘人。</p>

像那些夹杂在大明与东察合台汗国的效果一样,吐鲁番、火州和柳城既臣属东察合台汗国,也朝贡于大明。</p>

因此,关西七卫对大明来说是一道必不可少的屏障,可以有效地阻止西域各势力向东渗透,其作用至关重要。</p>

其实,大明在洪武时期本有机会在西域建立稳固的地方政权,说到这里不得不提及明太祖对北元发动的岭北之役。</p>

洪武五年,明军再次北伐北元,旨,w√ww.在完成汉唐所未完成的历史功绩,永清蒙古大漠,由于这次北伐主战场发生在岭北和林,因此历史上便称之为“岭北之役”。</p>

明军此次北征兵分三路,明太祖令威国公徐达为征虏大将军,出中路;曹国公李文忠为左副将军,出东路;宋国公冯胜为征西将军,出西路。</p>

按照计划,徐达率明军主力引诱北元主力至近边作战,左副将军李文忠率东路军奔袭北元朝廷,征西将军冯胜率西路军迷惑和牵制西北蒙古诸王,配合中路军作战。</p>

三路大军中徐达的中路军是主力,东路李文忠军是奇兵,西路冯胜军负责牵制任务。</p>

中路军面临的是遭遇战,以歼灭蒙军主力为战略目的,是决定本次战役能否成功的重点与关键。</p>

东路军与中路军不同,并不以军事作战为目的,而旨在中路军的掩护下,以实现消灭北元汗廷为政治目的。</p>

而西路军是三支军队中战略地位最轻的,只是一支起牵制作用的侧面部队,其承担这两大任务,一是占领甘肃,二是牵制甘肃蒙古势力防止其东援扩廓帖木儿军。</p>

为便于西路军更好地实施掩护任务,冯胜的将印名号上与以往不同。</p>

徐达佩“征虏大将军印”,李文忠佩“左副将军印”,而冯胜却不像洪武三年北伐时佩“右副将军印”,改佩“征西将军印”,有意将其与其他两路明军相区分。</p>

对此次北伐,大明上下信心十足,可战事的进展出人意料,进入蒙古大漠后,徐达的中路军在岭北和林遭遇惨败,而李文忠军因为缺少中路军的掩护不得不陷入孤军作战的困境,伤亡惨重。</p>

西路军由于没有进入大漠,而是在甘肃执行任务,因此并未受到中路与东路战事的影响,反而获得了重大胜利,几乎占领了甘肃行省全境。</p>

岭北之役是明军有史以来的最大惨败,多名高级将领战死,死亡的士卒也高达数万。</p>

这些战死的士兵是明初跟随洪武皇帝的百战精兵,能与蒙古军队在战场上正面对撼的精锐,进而促使大明的西北战略的方针由武臣所主张的肃清蒙古、占领内亚的进攻策略,转变为文臣所倡导的依托长城实施近边防御的策略,一举奠定了未来二百余年明、蒙长期对峙的格局,对历史的走向产生了重要影响。</p>

对于冯胜来说,他在甘肃最惧怕的就是西面的东察合台汗国。</p>

不过,明太祖发动岭北之役时东察合台汗国的大汗哈马鲁丁向西面的帖木儿帝国发动了猛烈的进攻,并占领了帖木儿帝国的大片领土,势头甚猛。</p>

冯胜听闻岭北之役惨败的消息后大吃了一惊,由于对东察合台汗国东进甘肃心存畏惧,因此他选择了焚弃城池的弃地措施,以免贻粮于地的政策。</p>

Tip:书名会因各种原因进行更名,使用“作者名”搜索更容易找到想看的小说。
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