第八百二十三章 不速之客(1 / 2)

执宰大明 小黑醉酒 0 字 2021-03-29

大年初四上午,京城五品以上文武官员皆穿着白色丧服赶去了紫禁城乾清门,在乾清门前按照官阶排好队列厚由内廷的宦官领进紫禁城前往乾清宫瞻仰宣德帝的遗容,送其最后一程。</p>

一路上,长长的官员队列鸦雀无声,沉闷的脚步声听起来令人更加压抑,沿途行色匆匆的宫女、内侍和奉命值守的亲军全都戴着重孝,整个紫禁城沉浸在了肃穆压抑的氛围中。</p>

由于古人讲究寿终正寝,因此无论皇帝死在了哪里,都要把灵柩,也就是梓宫运往寝宫停尸三天,对明代的皇帝来说寝宫就是乾清宫。</p>

按照流程,宣德帝的灵柩在乾清宫停尸三天后将运往景山的寿皇殿,在此之前要接受满朝文武的瞻仰,值得一提的是只有五品以上的官员才有这个资格。</p>

皇帝去世后改称大行皇帝,其丧葬仪式有着一套完善的礼制异常隆重,主要包括小殓、大殓、停灵、移陵、出殡、入葬。</p>

小殓:皇帝去世当天举行,为大行皇帝穿衣戴帽,同时皇子、皇孙要穿孝,并剪去一绺头发表示哀悼,宫中的女眷要摘掉一切饰物。</p>

大殓:在小殓之后第二天举行,将大行皇帝安于梓宫,也就是皇帝的灵柩,文武百官要来瞻仰皇帝的遗容。</p>

停灵:大殓之后将皇帝梓宫停放在乾清宫正殿供百官吊唁,同时颁布遗召举国致哀,二十七天内禁止娱乐。</p>

移灵:在乾清宫停放一段时间,通常是三天后将皇帝的梓宫移至景山的寿皇殿或者观德殿,准备出殡事宜。</p>

出殡:将皇帝的梓宫藏入陵墓。</p>

古代有“天子七日而殡,七月而葬”之说,不过而明代皇帝和皇后的葬礼均未按此实行,仅皇后有梓宫发引“例不出百日”的记载,皇帝只择吉而葬时间长短没有定制。</p>

例如明太祖死后七天即葬孝陵,而明光宗泰昌帝死后竟停礼拜仪式,也就是古称的“虞礼”。</p>

虞礼共有九次,一至七次在路途上举行,八虞在京城之外举行,皆由护丧官员主持行礼,九虞礼在皇宫的“几筵殿”举行,嗣皇帝衰服躬亲行礼。</p>

九虞礼行过后神主附享太庙,至此丧礼才告结束。</p>

大行皇帝通常停灵二十七天,天子相应也守灵二十七天,这与民间不同,民间丁忧守丧是二十七个月,不过天子以日代月故而是二十七天。</p>

必须要指出的是,古代父母去世要丁忧三年的说法只是一个概数,并不准备,实际上是丁忧二十七个月。</p>

即:父母去世一周年,也就是十二个月后,在第十三月举行小祥之祭,去世两周年,也就是二十四个月后,在第二十五月举行大祥之祭,然后中间间隔一个月,在第二十七月举行禫祭,也就是除服之祭,守制结束。</p>

这也是民间通常所说“守制三年”,由于它发生在三年内故而久而久之以“三年”来概称,其实是二十七个月。</p>

按照定制,皇帝驾崩当天卤簿和大驾等物件齐备,大殓后皇族子弟各自回家斋戒,京城大小衙门的官员到本衙门宿舍中集体住宿斋戒不许回家,至于散闲官员则齐集于午门斋戒住宿。</p>

斋戒期满以后王以下文武官员不准作乐,禁止丧服嫁娶活动,京中百姓在二十七天停灵期内要摘冠缨、服素缟,一个月内不准嫁娶,一百天内不准作乐,四十九天内不准屠宰,二十七天不准搞祈祷和报祭,以免与皇帝的丧事相冲撞。</p>

而且,丧礼结束前各部文件的票拟用蓝笔,文件也一律用蓝色油墨印刷,京城自大丧之日始,各寺、观鸣钟三万次。</p>

值得一提的是,大行皇帝大丧时并不辍朝,储君依旧会处理一些政务但要天天去大行皇帝的梓宫守孝,各部院也照常办公。</p>

唐太宗驾崩后,遗诏中曾说:“属纩之後,七日便殡。皇太子即於柩前即皇帝位,依周、汉旧制,军国大事,不可停阙,寻常闲务,任之有司。”</p>

这句话的意思是唐太宗驾崩后停灵七日就可出殡,由于宗庙社稷需要治理,国不可一日无主,因此依照周朝、汉朝时的惯例皇太子可在其灵柩前即位,军国大事必须亲自处理,寻常的事务,才由各部门负责。</p>

不过,通常来说,朝局稳定的时候新帝都会守孝满二十七日,等大行皇帝的灵柩出殡后才会登基。</p>

除非朝局不稳新帝才会在大行皇帝的丧期内登基,以安天下,例如大明有几位皇帝没有后嗣,驾崩后的新帝都是在丧期内登得基。。</p>

如今宣德帝驾崩,太子是守礼等宣德帝出殡后再登基,还是在丧期内就一承大统还未决定,一切都要等到宣德帝移灵后才能定夺。</p>

乾清宫。</p>

Tip:拒接垃圾,只做精品。每一本书都经过挑选和审核。
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