一成一旅(1 / 1)

【成语】:一成一旅

【拼音】:yīchéngyīlǚ

【解释】:成:古时以方圆十里为一成;旅:古时以兵士五百人为一旅。形容地窄人少,力量单薄。

【成语故事】:

出于《左传·哀公元年》:“虞思于是妻之以二姚,而是诸纶,有母一成,有众一旅。”

形容土地狭小,人口很少,势力单弱。

春秋时期,吴越两国发生了战争,吴王夫差在大夫伍子胥的辅佐下,击败了越军。越王勾践只剩下五千士卒,被吴军困在会稽山上,危在旦夕。大夫文种和范蠡劝勾践投降。范蠡与文种商议,认为吴王夫差好大喜功,只要说几句颂扬他的话,他就会接受越国投降的。只是伍子胥足智多谋,眼光远大,恐怕不会同意。但是,吴国的太宰伯与伍子胥不和,而且爱财如命,请他从中做工作,此事必成。文种做好了各种准备工作,到了吴军帅帐,向夫差跪拜请降。夫差果然答应了,可是伍子胥前进谏说:“不可。常言说:‘建树德行最好不断培植,去掉毒害最好扫除干净。’勾践这个人不能小视,他能亲近百姓,奖赏有功,胸怀大志,不肯屈从,现在清除分明是援兵之计,以图东山再起。吴越两国世代为敌,今天败在我们手里,这是天意,假如这时不消灭他们,那是养虎遗患,后悔莫及。请国君万万不可答应。”但是,太宰伯因为受了越国的礼物,忙替越国说话,“伍大夫言过其实,勾践只剩下一条小命,还谈什么东山再起?我们吴国所兴乃仁义之师,如连人家投降都不接受,那岂不是让人骂我们大王是暴君吗?”一席话说得夫差火冒三丈,立即决定接受勾践投降。勾践被夫差囚禁10年,然后放回越国。勾践回国后,励精图冶,数年工夫越国就强盛起来。这一切夫差全然不知,只有伍子胥看在眼里急在心上。

有一年,吴国准备讨伐齐国,勾践听说后,送来了大量礼物,朝中大臣几乎每人都有。文武百官对越国非常满意,只有伍子胥见到这种情况忧心忡忡,坐卧不安,他对夫差说:“国君啊,勾践送礼品给你,是想养肥吴国到时候宰了吃肉啊!越国是吴国的心腹之患,不能留下祸根,趁早除掉它。何必兴师动众去远征齐国,齐国对于吴国来讲,不过像一块布满石头的土田,没有什么价值。何必劳民伤财呢?今天你若不将越国灭掉,将来越国就会灭掉你,历史上这类事多得很。从前有过国灭亡了夏后相,后相的妻子正怀着身孕,逃了出去,生下儿子少康。少康长大后当上了虞部为酋长掌管伙食的官,酋长甚至把两个女儿嫁给了他,并且封他在纶邑,拥有10里见方的土地和500口人。少康凭着这些,几年就发展起来,灭亡了有过国,恢复了原有的天下。现在吴国不如当时的有过国,而越国又大于当时的少康,勾践用10年时间繁衍积聚,再用10年时间训练军队,那时他再来报仇,吴国的宫殿恐怕要变成一片废墟了!”夫差不听伍子前的劝告,却听信伯的谗言,逼伍子胥自杀了。几年后,吴国果然被越国灭亡。

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