第二十七章 会州(一)(1 / 2)
晚唐浮生
孤独麦客
1136 字
2022-09-21
“武宗会昌二年,吐蕃赞普朗达玛被僧人刺杀,国中大乱。大将论恐热崛起,自称宰相,率军二十万击不尊号令的鄯州德论尚婢婢部四万众,全军覆没。次年再攻,又败,其势日衰。”前往宁州的马车上,定难军随军要籍赵光逢正在给邵树德讲解河陇往事。
“赵随使,朗达玛遇刺后,吐蕃是否与国朝一样藩镇林立?”邵树德问道。
“正是。”赵光逢答道“吐蕃本部为‘茹—东岱’制,以部族为基,设置千户,曰‘东岱’,族长为千户长;十千户为一翼,曰‘茹’,置翼长。吐蕃本部共五翼,即五万户,以军治民,军政一体。各翼翼长,与节帅无异,视赞普为共主,然自主极强。”
“那德论是什么?”邵树德又问道。
“天宝末年,中原多事,河西、陇右、安西精兵东调平叛,留守者甚少,且多为老弱,遂被吐蕃一一侵占。”赵光逢答道“吐蕃既占汉地,自然不能再以‘茹—东岱’制统治,遂加以改变。如在河西诸州,设德论会议,长官曰‘德论’。德论可看做本朝的道,德论下有军镇,掌兵,军镇下有州,长官曰‘节儿’,相当于刺史。州下设万户、千户、将,皆军政一体。”
邵树德稍稍有些明白了。
以河东道为例,“德论”相当于掌管全河东的大军头。“军镇”就相当于河东道的大同、河东、河中、昭义等藩镇,各管一个或数个不等的州。州下面还有万户、千户、将三级小军头,全部是军政一体的制度,管军又管民,男丁农忙时生产,农闲时训练,打仗时上阵。
吐蕃人挺懂因地制宜的嘛,将自己那套奴隶制的军民一体杂糅进了国朝的道、州、县、乡、里体制,与现在的国朝体制尤其相像。道、藩镇、州、县、乡、里,一一对应上了,几乎还是大唐这套。
“论恐热与尚婢婢攻杀数年,愈发不支。兼且其人残暴,大掠鄯、廓、瓜、肃等州,所过捕戮,杀人盈野,内外皆怨,部属多叛,故于大中三年归降我朝,扬言请唐兵五十万助其平乱,并册其为赞普。归朝后,请为河渭节度使,帝不许。于是又趋落门川,收集残部,将欲寇边,会逢连日阴雨,粮饷无继,恐热部众皆散去,只剩三百人,于是还奔廓州。”赵光逢道。
“恐热归朝后,朝廷得知吐蕃虚实,于是进兵河陇旧地。凤翔军收复清水、秦州;泾原军收复原州诸县及石门关、驿藏关、木峡关、制胜关、六盘关、石峡关六地,俘获人畜数万;朔方军收复安乐州,诏为威州;邠宁军收复萧关。彼时夏绥军、振武军亦派兵助战,京西北八镇及长安神策军几乎都参与了,此谓大中年间所复之三州七关。”
“后来为什么不继续进兵?”
“吐蕃诱党项作乱,朝廷不得不征讨。”赵光逢答道。
“讨完之后呢?”
“耗费巨大,财用不足,故诏令各地‘息民解甲’,‘量力收复’。有内附吐蕃部落则收取,无则修筑城寨,派兵戍守,保境安民。缘边藩帅还是有一番作为的,后来又陆续收复成、维、扶三州,但无朝廷钱粮器械支援,也只能就此止步。”
邵树德长叹一声。彼时归义军驱逐吐蕃镇将,占据瓜、沙二州,遣使绕路天德军奉表归朝,缘边诸镇又收复六州七关,如此大好局面,竟然因为连年征讨党项,耗费巨大,“颇厌用兵”,就此收手了。
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