第58章 幕臣议政(1 / 2)

“这有什么好讨论的,锁国为幕府大政,是自初代将军殿下时便定下的方略,施行已有二百余年时间,断无因这北亚米利加而更改的道理。”一个略显沧桑的声音从正厅传来。

这个声音太一倒是听出来了,是自己老板的老板、水户藩藩主德川齐昭。太一曾随又次郎老板拜谒过这位老大人几次,因而对他的声音还算熟悉。

“已经二百余年的规矩,也是时候考虑存续问题了,如果按照初代将军殿下定下的规矩,现在有些人根本不该出现在这里吧。”一个雄厚的男音自另一侧响起,引来正厅内众人的低笑声。

“彦根侯!你说这话是什么意思?”德川齐昭提高声音呵斥道,“在下蒙将军殿下和阿部老中倚重,担当海防御用挂,无时无刻不勤勉谨慎,以求维护国体稳固。当此外敌叩关之际,阁下阴阳怪气,以言辞攻击同僚,是何等居心。”

听到“彦根”的藩名,太一明白了刚刚出言讥讽之人,是大名顶顶的井伊直弼,他此时担任幕府老中,也算是“阁臣”之一,因而不惧民间有“副将军”之称的水户德川家。

结合后世的历史,井伊直弼属于开国派的代表人物,与德川齐昭为代表的索国派,在应对美国叩关问题上完全对立,而首席老中阿部正弘是个开明的“摇摆派”,略微偏向于后者,这也是他邀请德川齐昭参与幕政的原因。

在封建社会,要想政体稳固,便讲究一个制衡关系,阿部正弘放任彦根、水户两藩为代表的两种对立势力存在,可能也是一种制衡需要。

制衡是岛国幕政的传统,皆因为江户幕府的开创者,“老乌龟”德川家康便是深谙此道之人,他吸取前几代幕府衰落的教训,在自家幕政体制下,构建了复杂的制衡制度。

首先,为了防止后代将军独断专行,违背自己定下的“祖制”,安排了御三家,特别是水户德川家监督将军本人。同时,水户德川在御三家中又因排名靠后,受到另外两家的制衡。

接下来,因亲藩具有出嗣将军家的资格,且宗家绝嗣由亲藩继任的事时常发生,为了防止以御三家、御三卿为代表的亲藩势力做大,干预和影响幕政。幕府又规定了具有岛国特色的“内阁制”,即只能由老中、若年寄具体处理幕政,对幕府将军负责,亲藩大名不得参与幕政。

其中,老中由普代大名中家格较高的雄藩藩主担任,一般规模在4至5人,这些都是当年跟随“老乌龟”打天下的铁哥们的后代,得到历代幕府倚重,专职负责对大政方正提出意见,但不负责具体事务执行。

若年寄则是由普代大名中家格较低的藩主担任,一般无权对方针政策提出意见,仅负责管理幕府直属旗本、御家人等武士,以及政务的具体执行,与老中集团实际上也形成了制衡关系。

那掌权的普代大名会不会犯上作乱呢?毕竟自战国时代起“下克上”就成了一种风尚。

德川家康也考虑到了这种可能,所以在封藩的时候,虽然普代大名封地位置也极好,但关八州和五畿地区封的都是亲藩,江户在关八州的亲藩大名们拱卫之下,让封地远在千里之外的老中们无法再做他想。

在复杂的制衡机制下,岛国社会状态极其稳定,开创了江户时期的繁华景象,不过也造成幕政管理效率低下。毕竟任何一个新事物的出现,都会遇到各层级、各方面的不同意见,稍有不符合“祖制”,便会很快被扼杀。

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