第1694章 工业时代——法典(1 / 2)

宗明天下 七帅 0 字 2021-10-12

允熥继续说道:“至于缫丝工场和纺织工场的机工都是女人,做不到码头工人打压单个工人、工会难有用处之事,为父觉得你想的差了。女人同样可以阻拦其他女人上工,又不是阻拦男人。现下愿意做机工的女人不多,难道工场还敢将她们都开除了不成?只要他们不敢将机工都开除,工会就能起到用处。即使他们敢于将机工开除,只要工会组建起来,也不必担心起不到用处。”

说完这话,允熥看了一眼文垣,见他没有要出言的意思,继续说道:“第四,就是修改《大明律》。用修改这个词其实并不十分恰当,做法是将原来只有一本的《大明律》分成三部分,分别为《刑律》、《民律》和《商律》,再酌情增添或删减些条文。《刑律》内容为惩处犯罪行为之条令,至于何为犯罪,则是指犯十恶不赦之罪、杀人、伤人、偷盗、强抢等事。不过,若是偷盗,且偷盗的金钱财货不多,可不认为是犯罪,不归《刑律》处置。具体何种做法算作犯罪,何种不算犯罪,《刑律》中会有确切条文。”

“《民律》则是处置犯罪外的民间纠纷之律令,百姓所遇到的绝大多数事情都是遵循《民律》判处。刑民两分后,民间不涉及犯罪之纠纷,不再判处刑罚,亦即不再处以打板子、珈号示众、流放等处罚,仅需赔偿金钱财货。至于《商律》,则是专门规定商户做生意所遵循之律令,以及商户之间发生纠纷时应当如何判处。”

说到他对苏州民变之事最后这条处置:将《大明律》一分为三的时候,允熥心里其实是很激动的。刑民不分是华夏古代法制的一个重要问题。一直到近代之前,民间纠纷都会判处刑罚,根据后世保存最完好、相关资料最多的《大清律例》规定,负债不偿者,“五两以上违三月笞一十,每一月加一等,罪止笞四十。五十两以上违三月笞二十,……百两以上违三月笞五十,……并追本利给主”。《唐律》也有规定:“诸负债违契不偿,一匹以上违二十日,笞二十,二十日加一等,罪止杖六十。三十匹加二等,百匹又加三等,各令备偿”至于《大明律》,同样有将欠债不还者打板子甚至蹲监牢的处置。

这样的法律当然很好保护了债权人的权益,但对于债务人来说就是噩梦了,对国家也不是好事。二十板子就能打死一个人,就算衙役动手的时候不照死打,也是几天下不了床。在古代一个壮劳力每个月都有几天不能干活,这样持续几个月,就是家破的下场,对社会稳定是不利的。当然,允熥之所以要刑民两分,除了维护社会稳定,更重要的原因是这会影响工商的发展。为了促进商业发展,维护社会稳定,正好借着这个时机刑民两分。

至于《商律》,当允熥说出这两个字的时候,脑海中想起的是拿破仑的话语:‘我真正的光荣不在于打赢了四十多场战役,滑铁卢的失败会抹去人们对这些胜利的记忆;但有一样东西不会被人忘却,它将永垂不朽。’

允熥制定的《商律》当然不会有这么伟大,因为他要适应现在大明的商业发展程度与社会氛围,不会有《法国商法典》那样先进,但作为代替《法国商法典》成为世界第一部专门有关商业的法典,也必定会永垂史册,后世不管哪国人,只要是研究法制史、商业史的人都要研究《商律》。

“爹,您可还有其他处置?”允熥正想着,文垣出言问道。

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