文垣听了这番话心里又生出别的疑惑,不过没有说出来,继续听父亲教导他。允熥继续说道:“第三,是促进机工组织工会。”
“工会,就是类似于行会的同一行当之人组建的机构。你也去过码头,应当知晓码头苦力,还是称为工人更好些,组建的行会。码头工人行会平素就由人带领与运货的商家谈价,多要酬劳,让所有加入行会的工人都能得好处。自然,工人们也要从自己的工钱中拿出一部分放到行会公中,除了给领头人的报酬,若是哪个工人生了病干不了活又没积蓄,也可从公中拿钱治病吃饭。为父构想中的工会就是类似于码头工人行会的机构。这样一来,机工们就能与工场主议价,得到更多的报酬;也能抬高工场的成本,让更多的工匠得到喘息。”
“可是,码头工人的行会之所以能组织起来,是因为码头工人都是身强体壮的大汉,可以凭借身强体壮排挤不加入行会的工人,谁敢少收钱接活就打,打得这人生活不能自理,这才能够与商家谈价。缫丝工场或纺织工场的机工都是女人,哪里能够做这样的事情?”文垣忍不住说道。
他对于码头工人行会的感情很复杂。一方面,行会帮助工人得到更多的工钱,生病还帮着治病吃饭,对工人有好处;从统治者的角度来说,这么多身强体壮的大汉不仅自己顿顿吃饱饭,家里人也能过得去,就不会闹事,对朝廷也有好处。但另一方面来说,行会对不加入行会的单个工人十分排挤,敢少收钱接活的更是打个半死,称得上是欺行霸市,他又十分厌恶。
“为父自然知晓码头工人行会做的恶事。”允熥当然知道这一点,全世界的工会最早都是重体力劳动者,比如码头工人、煤矿工人、建筑工人和钢铁厂工人组织起来的,码头工人欺行霸市,排挤甚至殴打单个不加入工会的工人;矿工和建筑工人、钢厂工人就是集体罢工争取更高的工钱,谁敢不听工会的话擅自上工就打,这都是常事。他们甚至和工场主的护卫打群架,西元十八、十九世纪工会运动闹出人命非常正常。
但即使如此,允熥也赞同工会运动。面对有钱有势,还与有权的官儿勾结的工场主,单个工人是无助的,根本没有办法反抗工场主的压迫,只有团结起来才行。从朝廷的角度来说,工人们平时能够组织起来反抗压迫,虽然会影响社会稳定,但不会闹出多大事情,更不会影响政权稳固;等到他们忍无可忍的时候再起来反抗,那就不是死几个人的问题了,而是血流漂杵、国破家亡,甚至神州倾覆。
所以,“虽然码头工人行会也做恶事,但在为父来利大于弊。尤其行会对付单个工人也是为了行会内的工人着想,是为自己人着想,更不应苛责。”
<--di--!>
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